In recent years, the phenomenon of garlic freezing damage has been severe in some areas, causing great losses to garlic farmers. One of the reasons is the single variety of garlic and the long planting time. The characteristics of garlic varieties have deteriorated, resulting in poor stress resistance, reduced yield performance, and disease resistance. In order to reduce losses and improve the disease resistance and high yield of garlic, improved varieties can be introduced for renewal and replacement according to specific circumstances. According to the comparative experiments of varieties in recent years, the yield performance and stress resistance of Jinxiang No.1 and Lai garlic series varieties are good. It is recommended that garlic farmers actively choose them.
Fine land preparation and mastery of sowing depth
After the previous crop harvest, the land should be plowed in a timely manner. Generally, if the depth of cultivation is more than 20cm, it is not immediately raked flat after deep cultivation, allowing the soil to be exposed to sunlight. This is called sun ridges to promote soil weathering. In a few days, come back and rake and level the soil until it reaches a level where the soil is loose and solid, without any bright or dark bumps. In recent years, garlic farmers have been accustomed to rotary tillage, with a topsoil layer of only about ten centimeters that cannot be broken. It is recommended to plow deeply at least once every two years to facilitate the root system and improve the stress resistance of garlic. The sowing depth should be controlled within 2-3cm, and being too deep is not conducive to seedling emergence, while being too shallow weakens the frost resistance.
Formulated application of sufficient base fertilizer
Plastic film garlic is not suitable for top dressing, and should be mainly used as base fertilizer, combined with flushing and top dressing. Fertilization should be mainly based on farm manure, supplemented by chemical fertilizers, with a small amount of multiple times, combined with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and attention should be paid to increasing the application of microbial fertilizer.
Before plowing the land, 2-3 cubic meters of decomposed chicken manure or 4-5 cubic meters of high-quality decomposed manure should be applied. After leveling and raking (the diameter of the soil block should be less than 3cm), make the border. After leveling the border surface, apply chemical fertilizer at a rate determined by soil fertility. For moderately fertile soil, the application rates can be 20kg/mu of coated urea, 25kg/mu of diammonium phosphate, 30kg/mu of potassium sulfate, or 100kg/mu of controlled release compound fertilizer, and 5-8kg/mu of compound micro fertilizer.
Spraying a "no deep plowing" soil conditioner can change the soil particle structure, improve the soil environment for garlic growth, and improve quality and commercialization before sowing after the entire plot. Secondly, it can improve the stress resistance of garlic and reduce freezing damage and dead seedlings caused by diseases.
Timely sowing
Sow at an appropriate time to ensure that garlic seedlings reach 5 leaves, 1 heart to 6 leaves before overwintering. At this time, garlic has strong cold resistance to ensure strong seedlings survive the winter.
Pour winter water well.
Garlic is an overwintering crop, and like wheat, it should be watered with reasonable caution to ensure its safe overwintering. When watering, it is recommended to choose a sunny day after three to five consecutive days of freezing days before the land is sealed. The time should be from 10 am to 4 pm in the morning, and watering with small amounts of water is strictly prohibited. And timely clean the floating soil on the plastic film, which is beneficial for garlic fields to absorb sunlight and store ground temperature.
Timely check the plastic film to prevent it from being lifted by the wind. Due to the strong winter wind, timely inspection of the mulch covering garlic should be carried out. If it is found to have been lifted by the wind, it should be repaired as soon as possible.
Spraying amino acid foliar fertilizer
Spraying amino acid leaf fertilizer once before overwintering can greatly improve the frost resistance and overwintering ability of garlic.
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